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Stimulating growth and xylindein production of Chlorociboria aeruginascens in agar-based systems
Sara C Robinson, Daniela Tudor, Hilary Snider, Paul A Cooper
AMB Express , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-15
Abstract: The Chlorociboria genus is widely distributed throughout the world; Chlorociboria aeruginascens (Nyl.) Kanouse and Chlorociboria aeruginosa (Oeder) Seaver are native to North America (Ramamurthi et al. 1957). Xylindein, the penetrating blue-green pigment produced by C. aeruginascens, (Mizuki et al. 2003), can be readily found in forests on decaying wood, especially Populus sp. (Blanchette et al. 1992) and Quercus sp. (Dennis 1956).Particular interest has been devoted to xylindein due to its vibrant color. The composition of this pigment has been well studied (Saikawa et al. 2000), and some research has looked at possible uses outside of the decorative market (Kunimitsu et al. 2005). Traditionally, wood stained by Chlorociboria sp. has been used for Intarsia inlay and other artistic media (Blanchette et al. 1992; Otterstedt 2001). Xylindein is of particular interest within the field of value-added wood products, as spalted wood can be sold at a price premium (Donovan et al. 2003), increasing the revenue of forested lands and low-value timber.Although numerous fungus species have been researched for decorative wood staining (Robinson SC: Developing fungal pigments for 'painting' vascular plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012), development of Chlorociboria sp. staining under controlled conditions has encountered several large hurdles. The native North American Chlorociboria sp. appear to preferentially grow on heavily decayed wood (Johnston & Park 2005), and grow very slowly both on prepared laboratory media, and in mono and dual culture jar systems (Robinson & Laks 2010a). Chlorociboria sp. also appears to preferentially stain some wood species over others, with Populus sp. and Acer saccharum Marsh. showing significantly more xylindein staining than Betula sp. or Tilia americana L. (Robinson & Laks 2010a).When inducing fungal pigmentation in wood under controlled conditions, the rate of culture growth in the initial media plates is often the limiting factor. If fungi
Induction of compulsive-like washing by blocking the feeling of knowing: an experimental test of the security-motivation hypothesis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Erik Z Woody, Victoria Lewis, Lisa Snider, Hilary Grant, Markad Kamath, Henry Szechtman
Behavioral and Brain Functions , 2005, DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-1-11
Abstract: Participants reacted with increased disgust, anxiety, and heart rate to their mental images of contamination and potential danger. As predicted, high but not low hypnotizable participants showed a significant prolongation of washing when change in feelings during washing was blocked hypnotically.Results show that blocking the affective signal that is normally generated during security-related behaviors, such as washing, leads to prolonged performance of these behaviors. This finding lends support to the plausibility of the proposed model of obsessive-compulsive disorder.In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a sense of compulsion is associated with performing ritualistic thoughts or actions. There are two types of mechanism that might explain the intrusiveness and urgency characteristic of OCD symptoms. One possibility is that there is a pathological intensity of excitation in the system that initiates the particular thoughts or actions, such that they are elicited too readily and strongly [e.g., [1]]. A contrasting possibility is that there is a deficit in the system that normally terminates these thoughts or actions, such that they persist too long.The idea that OCD symptoms stem from a pathologic intensity of excitation is intuitively appealing because it is consistent with the widespread notion of compulsion as a force that initiates behavior. However, Reed [[2], p. 127] found that only a tiny minority of OCD patients described their experience of compulsions in such a way. Instead, the great majority described their experience of compulsions in terms of an inability to stop – for example, "I keep wondering, and then I can't get it out of my mind," or "I can't move on because I can't convince myself that I've finished what I'm doing." Reed [[3], p. 384] concluded that "those who are trapped in a circle of repetitive behavior do not report that something forces them to continue, but that they lack something to make them stop."Likewise, descriptive accounts of OC
“Islamist Violence in Indonesia: Bringing the State Back In.”
Joshua Snider.
Nebula , 2010,
Abstract:
Optimal random search for a single hidden target
Joseph Snider
Physics , 2010, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.83.011105
Abstract: A single target is hidden at a location chosen from a predetermined probability distribution. Then, a searcher must find a second probability distribution from which random search points are sampled such that the target is found in the minimum number of trials. Here it will be shown that if the searcher must get very close to the target to find it, then the best search distribution is proportional to the square root of the target distribution. For a Gaussian target distribution, the optimum search distribution is approximately a Gaussian with a standard deviation that varies inversely with how close the searcher must be to the target to find it. For a network, where the searcher randomly samples nodes and looks for the fixed target along edges, the optimum is to either sample a node with probability proportional to the square root of the out degree plus one or not at all.
Affine Patches on Positroid Varieties and Affine Pipe Dreams (Thesis)
Michelle Snider
Mathematics , 2010,
Abstract: The objects of interest in this thesis are positroid varieties in the Grassmannian, which are indexed by juggling patterns. In particular, we study affine patches on these positroid varieties. Our main result corresponds these affine patches to Kazhdan-Lusztig varieties in the affine Grassmannian. We develop a new term order and study how these spaces are related to subword complexes and Stanley-Reisner ideals. We define an extension of pipe dreams to the affine case and conclude by showing how our affine pipe dreams are generalizations of Cauchon and Le diagrams.
A Combinatorial Approach to Multiplicity-Free Richardson Subvarieties of the Grassmannian
Michelle Snider
Mathematics , 2009,
Abstract: We consider Buch's rule for K-theory of the Grassmannian, in the Schur multiplicity-free cases classified by Stembridge. Using a result of Knutson, one sees that Buch's coefficients are related to Moebius inversion. We give a direct combinatorial proof of this by considering the product expansion for Grassmannian Grothendieck polynomials. We end with an extension to the multiplicity-free cases of Thomas and Yong.
The Conundrum of Financial Regulation: Origins, Controversies, and Prospects
Laureen Snider
- , 2011, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102510-105412
Abstract: This review surveys the origins and development of financial regulation as a concept and as a set of legal (state) and extralegal policies aimed at controlling financial sector activity, specifical..
Helicobacter pylori induces cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor
Snider Jared,Cardelli James
Journal of Carcinogenesis , 2009,
Abstract: Background: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-Met, is strongly implicated in late-stage cancer progression and poor patient prognosis. The stomach pathogen, Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ), was recently proposed to stimulate c-Met phosphorylation dependent upon interaction of c-Met with the bacterial CagA protein required for H. pylori -induced cancer cell motility and invasion. Materials and Methods: In this report, we employed short hairpin RNA (shRNA), western blot analysis using antibodies recognizing phosphorylation at discrete c-Met residues, and immunofluorescence microscopy to investigate the CagA-c-Met interaction. Results: The data showed that shRNA-mediated c-Met knockdown did not reduce H. pylori -induced cell motility, suggesting that c-Met was not required for motility. Surprisingly, c-Met knockdown did not reduce the level of an H. pylori -induced protein recognized by a phospho-c-Met antibody. This 125 kD protein was 10 kD smaller than c-Met, suggesting that H. pylori did not phosphorylate c-Met but cross-reacted with another protein. This hypothesis was confirmed when c-Met phosphorylation inhibitors did not lower the levels of the bacteria-induced 125 kD protein, and c-Met immunoprecipitation (IP) did not detect this 125 kD protein from H. pylori -treated lysates. This protein was identified as a product of antibody cross reactivity with phosphorylated CagA. We also confirmed that CagA interacts with c-Met, but this interaction may have caused previous authors to misinterpret phosphorylated CagA as c-Met phosphorylation. Finally, pretreatment with the proteasomal inhibitor, lactacystin, caused prolonged HGF-induced c-Met phosphorylation and facilitated a CagA-negative H. pylori to stimulate AGS cell motility, suggesting that sustained c-Met phosphorylation compensates for the loss of CagA-dependent signaling. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that H. pylori stimulates cancer cell motility independent of the c-Met receptor. We further hypothesize that although H. pylori does not target c-Met, the bacteria may still utilize c-Met effector signaling to stimulate CagA-independent cancer cell motility, which may provide a further mechanism of H. pylori -dependent gastric cancer progression.
Over-rotation numbers for unimodal maps
A. Blokh,K. Snider
Mathematics , 2012,
Abstract: We introduce {\it twist unimodal maps} of the interval and describe their structure. Sufficient conditions for the growth of over-rotation interval in families of maps are given.
A 57-Year-Old Man With Headache, Numbness, and Weakness
Sam Snider,Shamik Bhattacharyya
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1177/1941874417692276
Abstract: We present the case of a 57-year-old man with headache, numbness, and weakness. We review the differential diagnosis and discuss the relevant imaging. Once the diagnosis is evident, we review the natural history and evidence in support of each possible treatment
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